Presentation Transcript

1. Personality

2. People differ from each other in meaningful ways People seem to show some consistency in behavior What is Personality? Personality is defined as distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting

3. Personality • Personality refers to a person’s unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions • Personality is an interaction between biology and environment

4. There are some personalities identify their personality traits

12. Personality & Emotions

13. Personality Refers to the relative stable pattern of behaviors and consistence internal state that explain a person’s behavioral tendency

14. How do personality Differ • Personality is the set of behavior and traits that characterize an individual. The longer and better we know someone , the more likely we are recognize the pattern of how that individual respond to various people and situation. • Personality determinants are: • Heredity • Environment • Situation

15. Personality Determinants • HeredityFactors that were determined at conception. Physique, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament. • EnvironmentAll the circumstances, people, things, and events that influence an individual’s life. • SituationGenerally refers to what is happening in a particular place at a particular time.

16. Personality Traits • Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior. such as; Shy , aggressive , lazy , ambitious, loyal, timid. • A specific component of personality that describes particular tendencies a person has to feel, think, and act in certain ways.

17. Type A’s • Are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly; • Feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place; • Strive to think or do two or more things at once; • Cannot cope with leisure time; • Are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire. Personality Types • Type B’s • Never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience; • Feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments unless exposure is demanded by the situation; • Play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost; • Can relax without guilt.

19. Type and Trait Approaches Describe Behavioral Dispositions • “Personality Types” are discrete categories into which we place people • Personality “traits” are dispositional: they prompt persons to behave, think, and feel in enduring patterns across situations

20. Traits Approaches to personality There are some approaches to measure the personality traits. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) The Big Five

21. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) It is most widely used personality assessment instrument in the world. It is a 100 question personality test that ask people how they usually feel or act in particular situation. On the bases of the answer individuals personality divide into 16 personality types.they are classified as ; • Extroverted or introverted (E or I) • Sensing or initiative (S or I) • Thinking or feeling (T or F) • Judging or perceiving (J or P).

22. Extraversion • More interested in the external world of people and things • They derive meaning from connections with the external environment • They maximize interactions

23. Introversion • Interested more in the internal world of ideas and concepts • Enjoy loneliness • Prefer to withdrawal from external activities

24. Sensing • A tendency to perceive by relying on observable facts or happenings through the senses • Persons with this preference are inclined to use practical fact oriented approaches

25. Intuition • Emphasizes concepts, theories, relationships and possibilities • Values inspiration

26. Thinking • Make decisions impersonally, logically assessing cause and effect relationships related to data • These people evaluate ideas and data objectively and value inferences reasonably drawn from events and circumstances more than any other type of evidence.

27. Feeling • They emphasize the effect the decision will have on people and interpersonal relationships • The attend more to human than to technical aspects of problems and value these concerns more than any other type of evidence

28. Judging • Prefer a structured, scheduled, planned and controlled environment • Tend to be organized, deliberate and capable of making decisions with a minimum of stress. • They are usually scheduled, develop fixed ideas of how things should be done. • They push strongly for conclusion.

29. Perceiving • Prefer a flexible, spontaneous and adaptive environment. • They tend to continue to collect information rather then make a decision. • Have a wait and see attitude. • Spontaneous lifestyle

30. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) A personality test that taps four characteristics & classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.

32. Class Room Activity

34. Population Distribution http://www.mypersonality.info/personality-types/population-gender/

35. Sixteen Primary Traits

36. Problems with MBTI • It force the person to be categories as either one type or another . • It’s results tend to be unrelated to job performance , it probably should not be used as a selection test for choosing among job candidates.

37. The Big Five Model • Since personality comparisons of many elements, psychologists work to identify critical factors that help people observe and understand an individual’s style and behavioral pattern. One such set of factors is referred to by some psychologists as the” Big Five Model” (MCCare 1992;Smith et al.2001) and the theory of personality based on the factors identified is known as the Big Five Model. • Five factors are most important to understand the personality • Openness • Conscientiousness • Extraversion • Agreeable • Neuroticism

38. The Big-Five Model of Personality • Extroversion This component focuses on the comfort level of an individual in their interaction with others. • Agreeableness This refers to an individual’s behavior towards others while interacting with them ; for example A personality dimension describing someone who is good-natured, cooperative, and trustable. • Conscientiousness Conscientiousness refers to the extent to which individual show consistent and reliable behavior whole working in the organization .A personality dimension describing someone who is responsible, dependable, and organized.

39. Emotional Stability Emotional stability refers to the ability of an individual to control his or her emotions at the time of crisis. Individual with high stability are more controlled with their emotions and are calm and self- confident. On the other hand , those with low emotional stability are more nervous , depressed, and insecure in their approach. • Openness to ExperienceIt is measures the individual’s ability to be open to any kind of experience that help him or her to do the job effectively. Individuals who are less open to experience are more creative and sensitive. However, those who are less open to experience are conservative in their approach and feel uncomfortable in a new environment.

40. Big Five personality dimensions Openness to Experience (intellect, imagination, curiosity, creativity) Conscientiousness (order, duty, deliberation, self-discipline) Extraversion (sociability, boldness, activity, positive emotions) Agreeableness (trust, kindness, cooperation) Neuroticism (anxiety, depression, moodiness, openness to stress)

41. Extroverted people Energetic Passionate Dominant Sociable Talkative Introverted people Shy Retiring Submissive Quiet Extroversion Agreeableness Low Agreeableness • Cold • Argumentative High Agreeableness • Friendly • Cooperative • Trusting • Warm

42. Conscientious Cautious Dependable Organized Responsible Impulsive Careless Disorderly Undependable Conscientiousness Neuroticism Emotionally unstable • Nervous • High-strung • Tense • Worrying Emotionally stable • Calm • Contented

43. High on Openness Imaginative Clever Original Artistic Low on Openness Down to earth Conventional Conformist Simple Openness

44. Assignment write on your personality what personality traits you have to found in your self in the light of personality theories

45. Locus of Control Machiavellianism Major Personality Attributes influencing OB Self-Esteem Self-Monitoring Risk Taking Type A & B Personality Proactive Personality

46. Locus of Control The degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate. It is a dimension of personality that explain the degree to which people believe that they, rather then external forces, determinants their own lives. InternalsIndividuals who believe that they control what happens to them. ExternalsIndividuals who believe that what happens to them is controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance.

47. Machiavellianism (Mach) The degree to which an individual is practical, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means. (output depend on input) It is a personality attributes that describe the extent to which a person manipulates others for personal gains High MachsManipulate more, win more, are persuaded less, and persuade others more. Low MachsConvince others in a long time with lot of efforts .

48. Self-Esteem (SE) Individual’s degree of liking or disliking of themselves.(properly performed or not) It is the judgment one makes about one’s own worth. High SEsIndividuals who believe that they possess the ability they need to succeed at work. Low SEsIndividuals who are susceptible to external influence & dependent on the receipt of positive evaluations from others.

49. Self-Monitoring A personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors. High self-monitorsIndividuals who show considerable adaptability in adjusting their behavior to external situational factors. ( more critical) Low self-monitorsIndividuals who tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation.

50. Risk-Taking Willingness to take chances. High risk-takersMake quicker decisions & use less information to make decisions. Low risk-takersAre slower to make decisions & require more information before making decisions.