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1. 儿科学 PEDIATRICS 牡丹江医学院 儿科学教研室

2. 第一章 绪 论 Introduction

3. PEDIATRICS 目的 PURPOSE • 理解儿科学的特点 (To understand the pediatric features) • 掌握儿童年龄分期及各期特征 (To master the age stage and features in child)

4. 定义 PEDIATRICS • 研究儿童生长发育规律 (To study regular rule of growth & development) • 改善儿童健康水平 (To improve health level) • 提高儿童疾病的预防和治疗质量(To improve quality of prevention & treatment)

5. PEDIATRICS all health problems in children 范围 • 预防儿科学 • Preventive Pediatrics • 发育儿科学 • Developmental Pediatrics • 临床儿科学 • Clinical Pediatrics

6. 儿科学的范围和任务

7. PEDIATRICS 研究对象特点 Features of Objects 与成人不同different from adult 连续的生长和发育Continuous growth & development

8. 基础医学特点 PEDIATRICS Basic Medical Features • 解剖 Anatomy • 机能Functions • 病理Pathology • 免疫Immunology • 心理psychology

9. PEDIATRICS 临床医学特点 Clinical Medical Features • 疾病种类 Category of disease • 临床表现Clinical Manifestation • 诊断 Diagnosis • 治疗 Treatment • 预后Prognosis • 预防 Prevention

10. 小儿年龄分期

11. 年龄分期 胎儿期Fetal Period from fertilized ovum to delivery (about 40 weeks) Feature easy abortion or malformation formed by any risk factor

12. 年龄分期 新生儿期 Neonatal Period from umbilical ligation to 28th day Features • Beginning living independently • Lack the ability of physiological regulation and to adapt to circumstances • Morbidity & mortality are very high

13. 年龄分期 婴儿期 Infancy from delivery to 1 year old Features • rapid growth period • fastest brain growth • nutrition & energy requirements are more • digestive & absorbing functions are poor • passive immunity gradually diminishes

14. 年龄分期 幼儿期Toddler Age from 1 to 3 years old Features • growth becomes slower • more activity and more contact with the • outer world • intelligence development becomes faster • poor ability to identify danger

15. 年龄分期 学龄前期Preschool Age from 3 years old to 6-7 years old Features • growth becomes slower, intelligence • development becomes more mature • strong desire of knowledge, • imitation of adult’s behavior • poor ability to identify danger

16. 年龄分期 学龄期School Age from 6-7 years old to adolescence Feature • growth becomes steadier • intelligence development becomes more mature • increasing desire of knowledge • decreasing incidence of diseases

17. 年龄分期 青春期Adolescence from the appearance of 2nd sexual character to genitality maturity and growth completion girl 11-12yrs--17-18yrs Boy 13-14yrs--18-20yrs Feature • growth & development become the fastest • neuroendocrine regulation is unsteady • a lot of problems in spirit,emotion • and behavior