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Competence vs. Performance

Definitions Having knowledge Applying knowledge Possess Use Analogies / Examples Recipe Final product: food Blueprint Actual building Musical score Performance of it. Competence vs. Performance. Competence vs. Performance.

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Competence vs. Performance

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  1. DefinitionsHaving knowledge Applying knowledge Possess UseAnalogies / ExamplesRecipe Final product: food Blueprint Actual building Musical score Performance of it Competence vs. Performance

  2. Competence vs. Performance http://forums.xkcd.com/viewtopic.php?f=49&t=36040 (FR&H, 8th ed.)

  3. Competence vs. Performance http://forums.xkcd.com/viewtopic.php?f=49&t=36040 (FR&H, 8th ed.)

  4. Linguistic knowledge of what?  Sound System  Vocabulary (words) / Meaning  Creativity  Judgments about sentences and non-sentences  OTHERS

  5. Knowledge of the Sounds and Sound System English Mandarin  clock  ding (Tones 1, 3, 4)  blerk  ding (Tone 2)  mlock  dip

  6. Knowledge of Words  Pronunciation  Meaning  What else?   

  7. Arbitrary and Conventional  What do these two phrases mean? 顧名思義 顧物思名  How can you apply them to language?

  8. Onomatopoeia—Sheep Arabic (Algeria): baa baa Chinese (Mandarin): mieh mieh Dutch: bèèh English: baaah Esperanto: mek Estonian: mää Finnish: bäää bäää French: bêêê German: bähh, bähh Hebrew: meeee meeee www.georgetown.edu./cball/animals/

  9. Onomatopoeia—Sheep Hindi: bhe:-bhe: Italian: beeee Japanese: mee Korean: meeeee Russian: bee Spanish (Spain): bee Spanish (Argentina): meeee Swedish: bää Turkish: me-e-e-eh, me-e-e-eh Vietnamese: be-hehehe www.georgetown.edu./cball/animals/

  10. Creativity: Embedded Clauses 0 This is the house. 1 This is the house that Jack built. 2 This is the malt that lay in the house that Jack built. 5 This is the dog that worried the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 6.

  11. Grammaticality Judgments Linus lost his blanket. * Lost Linus blanket his. 我 也 喜 歡 吃 冰 淇 淋。 * 也 我 喜 歡 吃 冰 淇 淋。

  12. Knowledge of Language  Sounds  Words  Syntax  Grammaticality judgments

  13. Features of All Languages  Arbitrary relationship between sound and meaning  Conventional meaning  Creativity  Compositional (smaller meaningful units make bigger ones)

  14. Grammar (One View) “We use the term ‘grammar’ with a systematic ambiguity. On the one hand, the term refers to the 1explicit theory constructed by the linguist and proposed as a description of the speaker’s competence. On the other hand, it refers to 2this competence itself.” N. Chomsky and M. Halle, The Sound Pattern of English Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 9.

  15. Definitions of Grammar?  Written description of your linguistic competence (All Areas)  Your linguistic competence  “Traditional” Grammar [Syntax]  Book containing traditional grammar / syntax

  16. Types of Grammars  Descriptive Grammar  Prescriptive Grammar  Teaching Grammars  Universal Grammar Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 9-14.

  17. So-Called Ungrammatical Sentences * I don’t have none. * You was wrong about that. *? Mathilda is fatter than me. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 10.

  18. Long-Standing Prescriptive Grammar Rules 1 DON’T end a sentence with a preposition. I don’t know who to give this book to. “This is the sort of nonsense up with which I will not put. Winston Churchill (p. 15) DON’T split an infinitive He wants to quickly finish the work and go home.

  19. Long-Standing Prescriptive Grammar Rules 1  DON’T end a sentence with a preposition. I don’t know who to give this book to. “This is the sort of nonsense up with which I will not put. Winston Churchill (p. 15)  DON’T split an infinitive He wants to quickly finish the work and go home.

  20. Long-Standing Prescriptive Grammar Rules 2  USE ONLY Nominative after the verb BE. It’s me.  NEVER use a double negative. I don’t have none.

  21. Animal “Languages”  “Talking” Parrots  Spiders  Fiddler crabs  Birds (their calls and songs)  Bees  Chimps Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 15-21.

  22. “Tallking” Parrots Discovery Channel has had a program on Alex . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbrTOcUnjNY&feature=related :better quality video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eawfoMHyUHQ : Performance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZ2j1jOwAYU : Working with Alex http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yGOgs_UlEc

  23. Bee Dance—You Tube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7ijI-g4jHg

  24. Origin of Language What do we really know?

  25. Language and Thought: Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis  Linguistic Determinism  Linguistic Relativity Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2014. An Introduction to Language, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 21-25.

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