高考英语二轮复习重难点10 2021书面表达图表类（解析版）

【命题趋势】

书面表达是历年高考英语的重点主观测试题之一，它有利于考查学生运用英语语言知识的综合能力，这种综合能力包括从单词拼写、词语搭配、词法结构到语法，从遣词造句、把握要领、谋篇布局到修辞风格等。该题在英语卷中占25分，约占全卷分值17%，是重要题型。而在听、说、读、写四项技能中，＂写＂是最令学生头疼的，有些学生对书面表达题束手无策，无从下手。因此，在高中阶段尤其是在高三备考阶段的英语教学中，如何进行有针对性的强化训练和学法指导，培养学生的英语书面表达能力是极为重要的。

高考书面表达旨在考查学生的书面运用语言的能力，那么高考书面表达究竟怎么考、考什么：

1. 历年高考书面表达题均属材料小作文。提供要点的方式从严格意义上说只有两种：一是用文字提供材料；

  二是用文字说明加图画(表)的方式提供材料。无论哪种方式，都给考生提供了自由发挥的巨大空间，同时

  也能够有效地区分不同考生应用语言的能力。

2. 从表达的体裁和题材方面看，大部分体裁及题材都非常贴近考生的生活实际，突出考查考生用简短、通

   顺、得体的一小段文字与外界定流、解决实际问题的能力。同时也充分体现了《大纲》和《考纲》对

＂写＂所提出的要求。

3. 主要考查考生以下几种能力：

(1)观察和概括能力：要求考生观察情景所提供的内容，分析、提炼要点，理顺要点，概括考题所要求表达

  的全部意思。

(2)运用能力：要求考灵活运用词汇和句型，正确地遣词造句、连句成文进行有效的信息表达与传递。

(3)逻辑思维能力：要求考生认真思考，选择正确的表达形式，正确使用结构词和过渡句，使表达的要点之

  间有很强的逻辑性，浑然一体。

(4)书写能力：要求考生认真工整地书写卷面，良好的书写能给人以美感。

【满分技巧】

1. 审题

 动笔之前，必须认真审题，分析命题意图。有的考生唯恐时间不够，急于成文，不认真审题，结果写出的文章抓不住重点，杂乱无章，缺乏逻辑性。其实审题的过程是一个思考加工的过程，并不是浪费时间。在审题的过程中，考生可以根据题目确定文章体裁，考虑文章结构，内容。把与题目有关的材料分析、整理加以取舍，这样初步形成这篇文章的大致框架，这在很大程度上关系到整篇文章的成败。

2. 拟提纲抓要点，列提纲。依据格式要求和内容提示，分清主次，理顺关系，抓住要点，列出提纲。因考

   试时间有限，宜用简易英文提纲。

(1)文章的主要要点要有逻辑地结合起来，使其结构严谨，内容连贯，层次分明，分好段落，设计好文章的

   开头和结尾。同时要有意在句子之间使用一些过渡性词语(比如表示因果、条件、时间等逻辑关系的词汇

   或结构)。高考高分作文的共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，意思连贯，给人

   以一气呵成之感。恰当地使用过渡词可以使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，避负脱节现象。

(2)语言表达。新的评分标准鼓励学生尽量使用较复杂的结构和高级词汇。语言要准确，长短句结合。学着

  使用一些高级词汇，为文章增色。评价一篇文章的好坏，一条重要的原则就是＂上下文连贯＂，要让评卷者有一种通篇流畅、一气呵成的感觉。可采用下列策略：

①使用高级语法与句型，如，名词性从句，分词作状语和定语，还有如不定式、强调句、感叹句、倒装句。

  常见词的复合结构，如＂with+复合宾语结构＂等等，这些形式来提高文章的档次，写出亮点句子。

②使用过渡性词汇，增加文章的逻辑性与连贯性。因为过度词可使文章结构更紧凑，上下文更连贯，逻辑

  性、可读性更强。比如常见的过渡性词语有表列举的first，second，third，next，then等等；表因果的because

  of，thanks to等。

③为了避免重复和连接上下文，多用指代词。对于出现过的非关键次和短语，常用指代词来代替，保持文

  章的简洁，使文章跟紧凑。

3. 修改

 写完之后，一定要认真仔细地修改。可遵循下列修改校对的方法：

(1)检查格式，内容要点。

(2)检查句子时态、语态是否正确，结构是否完整。

(3)检查大小写、单词拼写是否正确，书写要工整认真。通过这样的检查过程，能够最大程度的减少错误的

  发生，从而减少人为失分。

【热点话题】

   书面表达图表类热衷于寓言故事、学生生活。

【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）

A

（2020上海市七宝中学高三月考）

图画作文

1．Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】In China, to let their children avoid detours, parents try their best to arrange everything for their children for fear that their children might be suppressed by various difficulties of real life in the future. This arrangement involves in deciding children’s education, work, marriage and parenting.

Most parents do this out of good will, but excessive giving is not only useless, but also harmful. If they are not careful, it will cause their children unlimited spiritual burden and seriously affect their growth and independence.

Children are the continuation of their parents’ lives, but they are independent individuals who should have their own lives. Only children who live in respect can learn how to respect, have a good deal with their parents and have more happiness.

【分析】

本篇书面表达是一篇图画作文，要求考生就一幅图反映的内容发表自己的看法。

【详解】

第一步：审题

体裁：图画作文

时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时

结构：总分法

     总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。

要求：1. 父母安排孩子的教育、工作、婚姻和育儿；

2. 父母这样做的坏处；

3. 父母要给予孩子尊重。

第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）

try one’s best to do sth.；be suppressed by sth.；involve in doing sth.；cause sb.sth.；spiritual burden

第三步：连词成句

1. parents try their best to arrange everything for their children for fear that their children might be suppressed by various difficulties of real life in the future.

2. This arrangement involves in deciding children’s education, work, marriage and parenting.

3. If they are not careful, it will cause their children unlimited spiritual burden and seriously affect their growth and independence.

 (根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。）

第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least

2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also), including, also

3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…

4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result

5表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say

6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing

7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking

8.表选择：either…or…，or

连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。

第五步：润色修改

【点睛】

范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如they are independent individuals who should have their own lives这句话中用了who引导的定语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如try one’s best to do sth.，be suppressed by sth.，involve in doing sth.等，为文章增色不少。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。

B

（2020北京高考真题）

假设你是红星中学高三（1）班班长李华。居家学习期间，你们班开展了一次以“自律”为主题的调研活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文稿件，给你们学校英文网站投稿，记述你在本次活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程。

注意：词数不少于60。

提示词：自律 self-discipline

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】One possible version:

While studying at home, I surveyed my class on “self-discipline”. The findings worried me a lot.

To solve the problem, I asked my parents for help, and they offered some practical advice. Then I held an online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves. After that, we all knew better what to do.

Three months later, I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline. I phoned my teacher about it, and we both felt very pleased.

【分析】

本篇书面表达属于应用文。这是一篇图画作文，要求考生按以下四幅图的先后顺序，就你开展“自律”调研活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程写一篇英文稿件，向学校英文网站投稿。

【详解】

第一步：审题

体裁：应用文

时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时

人称：第一人称为主

结构：总分法

     总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。

要求：1. 表明写作主题——“自律”

2. 根据图片描写事件过程：

第一幅图片描写自己对“自律”调研结果很担忧；

第二幅图片描写自己向父母求助解决方法/建议；

第三幅图片描写自己和同学们在网上讨论如何自律；

第四幅图片描写三个月后，大家自律能力有了很大提高，我和老师很高兴。

第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）

ask sb. for help；practical advice；an online discussion；do a second survey

第三步：连词成句

1. I asked my parents for help, and they offered some practical advice.

2. Then I held an online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves.

3. I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline.

(根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。）

第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least

2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also), including, also

3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…

4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result

5表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say,

6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing

7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking

8.表选择：either…or…，or

连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。

第五步：润色修改

【点睛】

范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如which showed great improvements in self-discipline这句话中用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如ask sb. for help，an online discussion，do a second survey等，为文章增色不少。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。

。

C

（2020北京市高三模拟）

假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华。上周，你和同学参加了学校举办的“创新设计”活动，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，记述你们设计声控垃圾桶的整个过程，并以“A Memorable Activity”为题，给校刊“英语园地”写一篇英文稿件。词数不少于 60。

提示词：创新设计 Innovation Design

声控垃圾桶 voice-controlled trash bin

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】A Memorable Activity

Last week there was an Innovation Design activity in our school.

On Monday afternoon, my classmates and I had a discussion and we decided to make a voice-controlled trash bin to take part in the activity. During the following days we made full preparations after class. Firstly, we did some research work on the Internet. Then, according to the design, we bought necessary materials and began to work on it. Although it was really a hard job, we all did it with great enthusiasm. Two days later, a voice-controlled trash bin was born. On Friday afternoon, our production won the competition.

We were really satisfied and felt proud of ourselves. What an exciting experience!

【分析】

这是一篇图画类写作。

【详解】

第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华。上周，你和同学参加了学校举办的“创新设计”活动，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，记述你们设计声控垃圾桶的整个过程，并以“A Memorable Activity”为题，给校刊“英语园地”写一篇英文稿件。

第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：Innovation Design (创新设计)；voice-controlled trash bin (声控垃圾桶)；make full preparations (做充分准备)；according to (根据)；with great enthusiasm (带着热情)等。

第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般过去时。

第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。

【点睛】

范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Although it was really a hard job, we all did it with great enthusiasm.运用了让步状语从句；What an exciting experience!运用了感叹句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。

D

（2020北京清华附中高二月考）

假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你在居家自主学习期间第一次为家人做饭的过程，并以“My First Cooking”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。

提示词：家常菜homely dishes

注意：1. 词数不少于60；

2. 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】◇ Version 1

Last Friday I finished my online course with a rather exhausted mind. Weekdays are finally over but the burdens seemed impossible to go away

I was sitting before my desk and doing my homework. When I looked at the clock, it was already 6:20 p.m. I was starving, and neither of my parents had returned from work. Wrestling with my hunger, an idea suddenly occurred to me. Why not cook a dish for my parents myself? Although I’ve never cooked before. I was sure I could figure it out.

I turned on my smartphone and went online to search for the recipe of homely dishes. There was a great amount of information provided on the Internet, and after taking various factors into consideration. I decided to cook a fish.

The process was not so hard as I imagined, as a matter of fact. I followed the instructions strictly and was extremely careful not to miss any single details in the entire procedure. The outcome was of course far from brilliant but seemed quite decent. It actually tasted not bad at all.

Apart from the main dish, I also came up with a vegetable dish and some rice and soup. When my parents came home, they were literally astonished. Mom took pictures with her phone while Dad gave me an encouraging smile and a big thumb up.

It was the first time I had cooked and the experience means so much to me. It set me free from my busy daily routine, giving me a precious opportunity to do something for the ones I cherish and react to their unconditional support that I’ve neglected for so long.

◇ Version 2

Last Friday, after I finished my online classes, I started doing homework as I always do. Time seemed to fly by and as I glanced up at the clock, it was already 6:20. My parents were still at work and must be worn out after a week’s work Suddenly, an idea flashed through my mind—I could cook for my parents.

As it was the first time for me to cook, I searched for the recipe of homely dishes on the Internet. After some comparison, I chose two dishes that my parents liked the most.

Dealing with the fish was the hardest part. After laying the fish in the pan, drops of oil spilled out and landed on my finger. I was scared but managed to calm down and rolled over the fish. As the color of the fish turned golden, I added some salt and garlic. Finally, I finished my first dish and it smelt really great.

My parents arrived home the moment I finished cooking. Serving them with the food I made, I was nervous because I didn’t know if I had got everything right. Thankfully, my dad gave me a thumb-up after his first bite and my mom took photos to mark this unforgettable meal. My parents said that I had grown. I was delighted to hear that and was ready to shoulder more things for my parents in the future.

【分析】

这是一篇图画类作文。

【详解】

第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你在居家自主学习期间第一次为家人做饭的过程，并以“My First Cooking”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。

第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：homely dishes(家常菜)；exhausted (筋疲力尽的)；search for (寻找)；as a matter of fact (事实上)；far from (远非)等。

第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般过去时。

第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。

【点睛】

范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如When I looked at the clock, it was already 6:20 p.m.运用了时间状语从句；Although I’ve never cooked before, I was sure I could figure it out.运用了让步状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。

E

（2020贵溪市实验中学高三月考）

某英文报社开展感恩活动，要求每位同学在日常生活中为父母做些家务，请以“Housework”为题，根据下面图表信息写一篇短文。

提示：1、短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯，段落分明；

2、短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；

3、词数不少于80，开头已给出，不计入词数。

As we all know, our parents love us very much.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】One possible version:

As we all know, our parents love us very much. They are hard-working. They are tired every day. It is necessary to help parents do housework during our daily life. I often help them do housework. I throw the rubbish away and clean the room in the morning. I help my mother cook lunch. I always wash clothes for my family. My parents are very happy. Besides, watering the flowers is also my duty. I like my parents very much and take good care of them. After supper, I always wash dishes.

I think it’s everyone’s duty to share housework. Sharing doing housework can make family members get on well with each other and help children live better in the future.

【分析】

本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生以“Housework”为题，根据图表信息写一篇短文。

【详解】

第一步：审题

体裁：议论文

时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时

结构：总分法

     总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。

要求：1. 你为什么帮助父母做家务？(父母爱我们、父母很累、父母工作辛苦……)；

2. 你怎样帮助父母做家务？(扔垃圾、打扫房间、洗衣服……)；

3. 你的观点。

第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）

help sb. do sth.；throw…away；take good care of sb.；make sb. do sth.；get on well with sb.

第三步：连词成句

1. It is necessary to help parents do housework during our daily life.

2. I throw the rubbish away and clean the room in the morning.

3. I like my parents very much and take good care of them.

4. Sharing doing housework can make family members get on well with each other and help children live better in the future.

(根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。）

第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least

2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also), including, also

3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…

4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result

5表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say

6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing

7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking

8.表选择：either…or…，or

连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。

第五步：润色修改

【点睛】

范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如I think it’s everyone’s duty to share housework这句话中用了省略that引导的宾语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如throw…away，take good care of sb.，get on well with sb.等，为文章增色不少。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。

F

（2017全国高考）

图表作文

1．假设你最近就安全意识方面的问题在班级范围内进行了调查，学校英语报刊栏目有意刊登你的调查报告．请根据下面的调查结果写一篇简短的报告。注：自里圈起，数值越大，了解该项目的人越多。

注意：

1.词数100左右；2.无需逐一说明数值；3.对突出的问题进行适当阐述。

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Recently I conducted a survey on safety awareness in the class. The results are as follows:

A largest number of the students are aware of traffic security, while the students who know about preventing theft are smaller than that. Meanwhile, students who know natural disasters and fire prevention are the same. Next to them is the number of students who learn first aid knowledge. The least of students are conscious of online safety, which worries me a lot.

【分析】

本篇书面表达属于图表类书面表达，要求考生对你最近就安全意识方面的问题在班级范围内进行的调查，给学校英语报刊栏目，写一篇简短的报告。

【详解】

第一步：审题

体裁：图表类作文

时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。

结构：总分法

总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。

要求：

1. 看懂图表所表示的内容；

2. 无需逐一说明数值;

3. 对突出的问题进行适当阐述。

第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）

conducted a survey；on safety awareness；as follows；a largest number of；be aware of；be conscious of

第三步：连词成句

1. A largest number of the students are aware of traffic security, while the students who know about preventing theft are smaller than that．

2. Meanwhile, students who know natural disasters and fire prevention are the same．

3. Next to them is the number of students who learn first aid knowledge.

4. The least of students are conscious of online safety, which worries me a lot．

根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。

第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）

表文章结构顺序：Meanwhile

连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。

【点睛】

[高分句型1] The majority of the students are aware of traffic security, while the students who know about preventing theft are smaller than that.（who引导定语从句）

[高分句型2] Next to them is the number of students who learn first aid knowledge.（使用了倒装句）