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初中英语中常用介词和介词重难点
一.概念:
1)关于介词
理解介词概念,关键是个“介”字。介质、媒介、介绍、中介等等可以大致反映出介的含义:
起到连接作用的中间成分,即桥梁的作用,在英语中,借此主要起到把名词和其他句子成分联系起来的作用。介词后面跟名词(包括代替名词的代词和动名词),是初中英语乃至高中英语中介词使用的重点内容!
2)关于介词短语
这个结构:介词
+
介词宾语(名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当),就是介词短语,介词不能独立用作句子成分,但介词短语可以。
介词的作用 |
介词 | 表地点、位置、方向的介词 | above, around, at, behind, between, by, down, from, in, up, in front of, into, onto, near, off, out, over, through, under, towards, |
表时间的介词 | by, in, on ,over, with |
其他介词 | like, with, without, from, next, to |
二、常用介词
1、in 在......之内
1) 表示地点,表示大地点。
She’s in China with her mom and dad.
2)表示时间,表示在某一个时间段内
The weather is cold in winter.
3) 表示颜色和语言也用介词in。
Do you know the girl in red?
I can write this article in English.
2、from 从......中来
1)
come from 来自......
I come from China and I’m Chinese.
2) download from 从......下载
I download music from the Internet.
3) be different from 与......不同
Lily’s habits are different from Linda’s.
3. with 和,用,与
1) with sb 和......人在一起
I’m in Class One with Daming and Lingling.
2)with sth. 表示用某种工具
I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes.
4. at 在......
1) 表地点,主小地点。
My father is a teacher at Beijing International School.
2) 表时间,主指时间的一个点。
I get up at half past seven in the morning.
3) be good at 擅长于......
I am good at reading and writing.
5. behind 在......后面
The classrooms are behind the offices.
6. next to 紧挨着
The library is next to the classrooms.
7. in front of 在 ......前面
They are in front of Tony and Daming.
8. for 为了......,因为......
Thank you for your email.
9. on 在......上,在......时
1) 表示时间,表示具体的一天。
Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday?
2) 表示地点
on the farm
on the playground
10. to 自,向
1)talk to 与......谈论
We have a break and I talk to my friends.
2) go to 去
He likes films and he often goes to the cinema.
3)welcome to 欢迎到......
Welcome to Beijing Zoo.
4)listen to 听
They always listen to music.
5)connect......to .和...连接一起
Please connect the monitor to the computer first.
三.常用的介词的区别:
① in, to, on在方位名词前的区别
1. in表示A地在B地范围之内,如
Fujian is in the southeast of China.
2. to表示A地在B地范围之外(有距离),如:
Japan lies to the east of China.
3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻,如:
Henan is on the north of Hubei.
②. at, in, on, by在表示时间上的区别
1. at指时间表示:
(1)时间的点、时刻等。
They came home at noon
(
at sunrise, at midnight, at ten o
’
clock, at daybreak
)
.
(2)较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。
He went home at New Year
(
at Christmas, at the Spring Festival
)
.
2. in指时间表示:
(1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。
in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening
(
2
)在一段时间之后。一般用于将来时,谓语动词为非延续性动词,意为“在……以后”。
He will arrive in two hours.
(3)谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”。
These products will be made in a month.
3. on指时间表示:
(1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、节日、星期几等,
On Christmas Day there will be a party.
(
2
)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。
He arrived at 8o
’
clock on the night of Friday.
(3)准时,按时。
If the train can be on time, I should get home before dark.
4. by指时间表示:
(1)不迟于,在(某时)前。
如: He will come by six o’clock.
(2)在……间,在……的时候。
如: He worked by day and studied by night.
③. near, by, beside, at表示“在……附近”时的区别 1. near表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远。
Suzhou is near Shanghai.
2. by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思。
He was sitting beside her.
He is walking by the river.
3. at也有“在旁边”的意思,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表示位置关系。
如:
The students are sitting at the table listening to the teacher.
Several students are sitting by / beside the door talking about a music.
④. at, in和on表示地点时的区别
1. at表示地点:
(1)用于指较小的地方。
arrive at,接小地方 I will wait for you at the station.
(
2
)用于门牌号码前。
He lives at 11 Zhongshan Road.
2. in表示地点:arrive in 接较大地方
He lives in Shanghai.
3. on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“在……上;在……旁”。
The picture was hanging on the wall.
⑤
. besides, except, but
表示“除……外”之间的区别
1. besides
表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质。如:
Besides xiaoming , we also went to see the film.
注意:
besides
用于否定句中时,与
except, but
同义,可互换。如:
We have no other books besides / except these.
2. except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质。如:
We all went to see the film except xiaoming.(王先生没去)
3. but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词。
Nobody knew it but me.
⑥. above, over, on, up表示“在……上”之间的区别
1. above指“……上方”,表示相对高度,不一定在正上方,其反义词为below。
We
’
re flying above the clouds.
2. over指“在……正上方”,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under。
The bridge is over the river.
3. on表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触,与beneath相对。
There is a map on the wall.
4. up表示动作的方向往上,反义词为down。如:
Please stand up
⑦with, from, for, at表示原因的区别
1. with表示原因,指由于外界而影响到内部,意为“因为;由于”。
The little girl was shivering with cold.
2. from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。
She did it from a sense of duty.
3. for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。
I do apologize for keeping you waiting.
4. at表示原因,指“听到;看到;想到”等。
At the news they felt very glad.
⑧. for和of的用法区别
试比较:It's impossible for me to watch TV after eleven o'clock. It's kind of you to help me.
两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏,人自身的特点,如聪明与否,细心与粗心等;for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点,如可能性,必然性,难易程度等。
⑨.by,with,in的用法区别
by表示"以...的方式,方法,手段" 和 "乘某种交通工具";with指"借助于具体的手段或工具";in 表示"以......方式,用语言,文字等媒介"。
I solved the problem by this way. I cut the apple with a knife. He speaks with us in English.
⑩ after和 in 的用法区别
这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。其区别是:after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子;in 以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。
I went home after 10 o'clock yesterday. The train will arrive in ten minutes.
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